APAPUN GOLONGANMU KITA ADALAH SAUDARA

Oleh: Ahmad Saifudin Mutaqi, IAI, Ir. MT.(1)

Beberapa waktu lalu saya tercerahkan oleh pernyataan Prof. DR. Syafei Ma’arif pada saat saya menjadi moderator talk show dalam diskusi yang diselenggarakan Forum Persaudaraan Umat Beriman (FPUB) di Jogjakarta. Beliau menyatakan bahwa persaudaraan itu tidak terbatas pada umat beriman saja, melainkan juga kepada mereka yang tidak beriman, karena sejatinya umat manusia itu bersaudara satu dengan lainnya. Pernyataan simpati terhadap kemanusiaan dikuatkan oleh Kyai Abdul Muhaimin, pendiri FPUB, bahwa sesungguhnya umat manusia adalah bersaudara sebagaimana firman Allah SWT (QS al-Hujarat [49]:13) menyatakan:
"Hai manusia, Sesungguhnya Kami menciptakan kamu dari seorang laki-laki dan seorang perempuan dan menjadikan kamu berbangsa - bangsa dan bersuku-suku supaya kamu saling kenal-mengenal. Sesungguhnya orang yang paling mulia diantara kamu disisi Allah ialah orang yang paling taqwa diantara kamu. Sesungguhnya Allah Maha mengetahui lagi Maha Mengenal."
Ayat ini meletakkan dasar persaudaraan yang melingkupi dan meliputi seluruh umat manusia. Pada hakikatnya ayat ini merupakan “Magna Charta” piagam persaudaraan dan persamaan umat manusia. Ayat ini menumbangkan rasa dan sikap lebih unggul semu lagi bodoh, yang lahir dari keangkuhan rasial atau kesombongan nasional. Karena umat manusia sama-sama diciptakan dari jenis laki-laki dan perempuan, maka sebagai makhluk manusia, semua orang telah dinyatakan sama dalam pandangan Allah SWT. Harga seseorang tidak dinilai dari warna kulitnya, jumlah harta miliknya, atau oleh pangkat dan kedudukannya dalam masyarakat, keturunan atau asal-usulnya, melainkan oleh keagungan akhlaqnya dan oleh cara ia melaksanakan kewajibannya kepada Tuhan dan manusia. Seluruh keturunan manusia tidak lain hanya suatu keluarga belaka. Pembagian suku-suku bangsa, bangsa-bangsa dan rumpun-rumpun bangsa dimaksudkan untuk memberikan kepada mereka pengetahuan yang lebih baik mengenai satu sama lain agar mereka dapat saling mengambil manfaat dari kepribadian serta sifat-sifat baik bangsa-bangsa itu masing-masing.(2)

Muhammad: Seal of the Prophets (Regulation of Fighting IV)

Muhammad Zafrulla Khan

In the time of the Holy Prophet, the Arab method of fighting a battle was that when the opposing forces had been drawn up in battle array, individual champions challenged their opposite numbers from among the enemy to single combat. After these combats, battle was joined on a large scale. Fighting was carried on on foot or on horseback, the latter was preferred on account of greater manoeuvrability. Camels were used as a facility for journeying or for the carriage of equipment and provisions. The weapons normally used were swords, spears and bows and arrows. Shields and armour and helmets were used for protection. Some tribes also employed a catapult for shooting stones at the enemy. The Holy Prophet also employed it during the siege of Taif.

Muhammad: Seal of the Prophets (Regulation of Fighting III)

Muhammad Zafrulla Khan

On one occasion the Holy Prophet, peace be on him, organized a scouting party of eight Emigrants drawn from various tribes of Quraish and appointed Abdullah bin Jahsh as their leader. In order to keep their objective secret, lest knowledge of it should reach Quraish, he did not disclose it even to the leader of the party, who was given his directions in a sealed cover, which he was instructed to open and read after having travelled for two days in the direction of Mecca. When Abdullah opened the cover in accordance with his instructions, he found that the Holy Prophet had directed: ‘Proceed to Nakhlah, between Mecca and Taif, and there keep track of the movements of Quraish and inform me of them.’ He was also directed that if any of his companions, on discovering the objective of the party, should be reluctant to continue with it, he should be permitted to return. Abdullah announced these directions to his companions and they all expressed their willingness cheerfully to carry out the directions. The party then proceeded towards Nakhlah. In the course of the journey the camel that S’ad bin Abi Waqqas and Utba bin Ghazwan had been riding strayed away and they went in search of it and were thus separated from their companions and were not able to rejoin them. The party arrived at Nakhlah and busied themselves as they had been directed. A few days later they encountered a small caravan of Quraish on its way from Taif to Mecca.

Muhammad: Seal of the Prophets (Regulation of Fighting II)

Muhammad Zafrulla Khan

Bokhari, Muslim and Abu Dawood have reported that the Holy Prophet directed: Do not be eager for confrontation with the enemy and seek peace and security from Allah. But when you happen to be confronted by the enemy, be steadfast.

4. When the Holy Prophet learnt that any tribe or clan was preparing to invade Medina, he would lead a force against it or dispatch a force under the leadership of someone else to take suitable action to put an end to their intended aggression. Muslim, Abu Dawood and Tirmidhi have reported on the authority of Bareedah: ‘The Holy Prophet’s directions to the leader of an expedition used to be: “When you are confronted with the enemy, offer them the choice of three conditions. If they accept, then refrain from taking any action against them. First, call on them to embrace Islam. Should they agree, accept their offer and hold your hand from them. Next, invite them to migrate to Medina and tell them that if they do so they shall enjoy the same rights as the Emigrants and will have the same obligations as those of the Emigrants. Should they not be willing to migrate, tell them that they would be treated as Muslims but would not have the rights of the Emigrants as those can be acquired only by striving in the cause of Allah. If they reject your invitation to embrace Islam, call on them to submit to the Islamic state and agree to pay the tax. Should they accept, hold your hand and do not fight them. If they reject all your offers, then fight them in the name of Allah.”’